How translation works
Translators convey meaning across languages and cultures, they do not just translate word for word as languages do not share the same structure and some languages may not have words to express the same concept from other languages. Translation is therefore the process of accurately and objectively transferring a text in one language to another.
However, translation goes deeper than this, the translator also needs to negotiate differences in sentence structure, grammar, metaphors, cultural or language specific expressions (e.g., chilly bin, jandals, etc.), formality, style, humour, etc. Using reliable and experienced translators is essential – translators ensure the original intent is retained, while making sure the text makes sense and is relevant to the target audience. The translator can be viewed as a mediator between languages and cultures.
To ensure the translation is of good quality, two important steps are undertaken – translation and revision/quality control.
The translation itself should be completed by a qualified translator with the appropriate knowledge, skills, and attributes to translate text from a source language (or original language) into a target language (or the language translated into). Ideally, the translator will be a native speaker of the target language, with an excellent understanding of the source language. Some translators will also specialise in particular fields, such as legal or health translation.
Revision and quality assurance should be undertaken by someone who is qualified, and ideally a native speaker in the source language (although they should have a good understanding of the target language). The reviser’s role involves carefully examining the source text against the target text, as well as ensuring the quality of the final translation is such that it could have been originally written in that language. The reviser also checks for errors and other issues. The role of the reviser is therefore different from the role of the original translator in that it is particularly focused on quality control.
Using certified translation providers (for example, ones who meet the ISO:17100 international standard) will ensure that at least two people have been involved in the translation (the translator and an editor/reviser), as this is a requirement of holding this certification.
Most domestic translation providers will use NAATI (National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters) or Te Taura Whiri (Māori Language Commission) certified translators.
There are risks with using translators who have not been certified:
- You cannot be confident that the meaning of the source text has been accurately conveyed through the translation.
- Translators who have not been certified do not have any accountability in terms of professional standards, including expectations of impartiality and confidentiality.
- Incorrect translations could result in individuals or communities making a poor decision based on incorrect information and thus affect your organisation’s reputation.
Government agencies and other organisations can request translations through the Department of Internal Affairs Translation Service, who provide professional translation and other language services including quality assessment, typesetting, transcription and cultural advice. Contact them at translate@dia.govt.nz
Translation process flowchart
Before you send your document for translation, make sure you have a good understanding of each step in the translation process. Following them will make the translation process a lot smoother and faster, and ensure you are getting the most out of your information.
This flowchart is also available on pages 17-18 of the translation guidance.